Steven Bird

Research output

Research output per year 1988 1994 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 2015 2020 2021 2022 2022

• 99 Conference Paper published in Proceedings
• 31 Article
• 7 Chapter
• 5 Working paper
• 12 More
  • 4 Conference paper presented at Conference (not in Proceedings)
  • 2 Book
  • 2 Review article
  • 1 Abstract
  • 1 Other
  • 1 Poster
  • 1 Textual Creative Work - ERA-eligible

Research output per year

Research output per year

Search results

• 2003

  A four-level model for interlinear text

  Bow, C., Hughes, B. & Bird, SG., 2003, 26 p.

  Research output: Working paper

  • Application Software 100%
  • Standards 100%
  • Software Development Tool 100%
  • Digitization 100%
  • Representative Sample 100%

• A Grid Based Architecture for High-Performance NLP

  Hughes, B. & Bird, S., 2003. 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Conference paper presented at Conference (not in Proceedings) › peer-review

  • Specification Language 100%
  • Engineering Application 100%
  • Application Design 100%
  • Programming Environment 100%
  • Distributed Computing 100%

• Building an Open Language Archives Community on the OAI foundation

  Simons, G. & Bird, S., 1 Dec 2003, In: Library Hi Tech. 21, 2, p. 210-218 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Language Resource 100%
  • Virtual Library 100%

• Encoding and presenting interlinear text using XML technologies

  Steven, B. H., Bird, S. & Bow, C., 2003, Proceedings of the Australasian Language Technology Workshop 2003. p. 61-69 9 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Formal Specification 100%

• Extending Dublin Core metadata to support the description and discovery of language resources

  Bird, S. & Simons, G., 1 Dec 2003, In: Computers and the Humanities. 37, 4, p. 375-388 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Metadata Format 100%
  • Web Search Engine 100%
  • Mailing List 100%

• Grid-Enabling Natural Language Engineering By Stealth

  Hughes, B. & Bird, S., 2003, Proceedings of the Workshop on The Software Engineering and Architecture of Language Technology Systems. Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), p. 31-38 8 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

• Seven dimensions of portability for language documentation and description

  Bird, S. & Simons, G., 1 Dec 2003, In: Language. 79, 3, p. 557-582 26 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Portability 100%
  • Language Resource 66%
  • Computer 33%
  • Application 33%
  • Software Development Tool 33%
  128 Downloads (Pure)

• The Open Language Archives Community: An Infrastructure for Distributed Archiving of Language Resources

  Simons, G. & Bird, S., Jun 2003, In: Literary and Linguistic Computing. 18, 2, p. 117-128 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Language Resource 100%
  • Resource Discovery 66%
  • Best Practice 33%
  • Electronic Medium 33%
  • Archiving 33%

• Towards a general model of interlinear text

  Bow, C., Hughes, B. & Bird, S., 2003, Proceedings of EMELD 2003. 47 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Software Development Tool 100%
  • Survey 50%
  • User 50%
  • Data Model 50%
  • Linguistic Description 50%
• 2002

  An integrated framework for treebanks and multilayer annotations

  Cotton, S. & Bird, S., 1 Jan 2002, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2002. p. 1670-1677 8 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Annotation 100%
  • Survey 25%
  • Software Development Tool 25%
  • Interoperability 25%

• Annotation Tools Based on the Annotation Graph Toolkit: TableTrans, MultiTrans, InterTrans and TreeTrans

  Bird, S., Maeda, K., Ma, X., Lee, H., Randall, B. & Zayat, S., 2002, p. 85-85. 1 p.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Abstract › peer-review

  • Annotation 100%

• Computational Phonology

  Bird, S., 2002, Oxford International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. 2nd Edition ed. Oxford University Press, USA, 5 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

  • Phonetics 100%

• Creating annotation tools with the annotation graph toolkit

  Maeda, K., Bird, S., Ma, X. & Lee, H., 2002, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, , LREC 2002. European Language Resources Association (ELRA), p. 1914-1921 8 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Sample Application 100%

• Models and tools for collaborative annotation

  Ma, X., Lee, H., Bird, S. & Maeda, K., 2002, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2002. p. 2066-2073 8 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Persistent Storage 100%
  • Database Server 100%
  • Database Schema 100%

• TableTrans, MultiTrans, InterTrans and TreeTrans: Diverse tools built on the annotation graph toolkit

  Bird, S., Maeda, K., Ma, X., Lee, H., Randall, B. & Zayat, S., 2002, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2002. p. 364-370 7 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Annotation 100%
  • Linguistics 50%
  • Syntactics 50%
  • Spreadsheet 50%
  • Software Component 50%

• The open language archives community

  Bird, S., Uszkoreit, H. & Simons, G., 1 Jan 2002, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2002. 2 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Communities 100%
  • Archives 100%
  • Languages 66%
  • Language 66%
  • Simulation Mode 33%
• 2001

  A formal framework for linguistic annotation

  Bird, S. & Liberman, M., Jan 2001, In: Speech Communication. 33, 1-2, p. 23-60 38 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Annotation 100%
  • Syntactic Analysis 25%
  • Formal Framework 25%
  • Phonetic features 12%
  • Discourse structure 12%

• A framework for annotating animal bioacoustic data

  Maeda, K. & Bird, S., 2001, In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 109, 5, p. 2430-2430 1 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Symbolic Information 100%
  • User Interfaces 100%
  • Desirable Property 100%
  • Internal Structure 100%

• Annotation graphs and servers and multi-modal resources: Infrastructure for interdisciplinary education, research and development

  Cieri, C. & Bird, S., 2001, Proceedings of the ACL 2001 Workshop on Sharing Tools and Resources-Volume 15. p. 23-30 8 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Annotation 100%
  • Server 60%
  • Education 20%
  • Interdisciplinary 20%
  • Resource Sharing 20%

• Annotation Tools Based on the Annotation Graph API

  Bird, S., Maeda, K., Ma, X. & Lee, H., 2001, Proceedings of ACL/EACL Workshop on Sharing Tools and Resources for Research and Education. 4 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Graphical User Interface 100%
  • Software Infrastructure 100%
  • Common Component 100%
  • Source Software 100%

• Orthography and identity in Cameroon

  Bird, S., 2001, In: Written Language and Literacy. 4, 2, p. 131-162 32 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Spelling 100%
  • Language 66%
  • Identity 50%
  • Africa 33%
  • Languages 33%

• Speech annotation and corpus tools

  Bird, S. & Harrington, J., 2001, In: Speech Communication. 33, 1-2, p. 1-4 4 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Annotation 100%

• The annotation graph toolkit: software components for building linguistic annotation tools

  Maeda, K., Bird, S., Ma, X. & Lee, H., 2001, Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research. p. 1-6 6 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Annotation 100%
  • Linguistics 28%
  • Time Series Data 28%
  • Special Purpose 28%
  • Software Component 14%

• The OLAC metadata set and controlled vocabularies

  Bird, S. & Simons, G., 2001, Proceedings of the ACL 2001 Workshop on Sharing Tools and Resources-Volume 15. p. 7-18 12 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Languages 100%
  • Cataloguing 50%
  • Vocabularies 50%
  • Metadata 50%
  • Language Resource 50%

• The open language archives community and Asian language resources

  Bird, S., Simons, G. & Huang, C-R., 2001, Proceedings of the Workshop on Language Resources in Asia, 6th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium. 9 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Metadata 100%
  • Language Resource 100%
  • Classification 100%
  • Contexts 50%
  • Dublin 50%
• 2000

  A Formal Framework for Interlinear Text

  Maeda, K. & Bird, S., 2000. 19 p.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Conference paper presented at Conference (not in Proceedings)

  • Simulation Mode 100%
  • Purpose 23%
  • Graphs 23%
  • Annotation 23%
  • Abstracts 15%

• ATLAS: A flexible and extensible architecture for linguistic annotation

  Bird, S., Day, D., Garofolo, J., Henderson, J., Laprun, C. & Liberman, M., 2000, 2nd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2000. 8 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Natural Language Processing Systems 100%
  • Multimodal Interaction 100%
  • Logical Model 100%

• Many uses, many annotations for large speech corpora: Switchboard and TDT as case studies

  Graff, D. & Bird, S., 2000, 2nd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2000. 7 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Corpus 100%
  • Annotation 100%
  • Speech Production 40%
  • Lecture 40%
  • Speech 40%

• Multidimensional Exploration of Online Linguistic Field Data

  Bird, S., 2000, In: University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. 6, 3, p. 5-29 25 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Linguistics 100%
  • Online 75%
  • Analytical Method 50%
  • Speech Production 50%
  • Lecture 50%

• Querying databases of annotated speech

  Cassidy, S. & Bird, S., 2000, Proceedings - 11th Australasian Database Conference, ADC 2000. Orlowska, M. E. (ed.). IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, p. 12-20 9 p. 819808. (Proceedings - 11th Australasian Database Conference, ADC 2000).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Open Source Tool 100%
  • Additional Layer 100%

• Requirements on the Infrastructure for Open Language Archiving

  Simons, G. & Bird, S., 2000

  Research output: Other contribution - including Text-based ERA-eligible Creative Works › Textual Creative Work - ERA-eligible › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Design 100%
  • Archiving 100%

• Towards a query language for annotation graphs

  Bird, S., Buneman, P. & Tan, W. C., 1 Jan 2000, 2nd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2000.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Semistructured Data 100%
  • Path Expression 100%
  • Relational Representation 100%

• Transcribing with annotation graphs

  Geoffrois, E., Barras, C., Bird, S. & Wu, Z., 1 Jan 2000, 2nd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2000. 5 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Annotation 100%
  • Design 25%
  • Generalization 25%
  • Data Type 25%
  • User Interfaces 25%

• White paper on establishing an infrastructure for open language archiving

  Bird, S. & Simons, G., 2000, Workshop on Web-Based Language Documentation and Description, Philadelphia, PA. p. 12-15 4 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Archiving 100%
• 1999

  Annotation Graphs: A Foundation for Integrating Tools, Formats and Corpora

  Bird, S. & Liberman, M., 1999, 6 p.

  Research output: Working paper

  • Annotation 100%
  • Corpus 42%
  • Structure 28%
  • Text 14%
  • Procedure 14%

• Annotation graphs as a framework for multidimensional linguistic data analysis

  Bird, S. & Liberman, M., 1999, Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging -- Proceedings of the Workshop. Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), p. 1-10 10 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Annotation 100%
  • Linguistics 20%
  • Domains 10%
  • Data Analysis 10%
  • Data Type 10%

• Dschang Syllable Structure

  Bird, S., 1999, The Syllable: Views and Facts. Hulst, H. V. D. & Ritter, N. (eds.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 447-476 30 p. (Studies in Generative Grammar).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

  • Syllable structure 100%
  • morphophonemics 33%
  • phonemic inventory 33%
  • vowel alternation 33%

• Multidimensional exploration of online linguistic field data

  Bird, S., 1999, In: Notes on Linguistics (SIL). 2, p. 125-144 20 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Linguistics 100%
  • Online 75%
  • Analytical Method 50%
  • Speech Production 50%
  • Lecture 50%

• Strategies for representing tone in African writing systems

  Bird, S., 1999, In: Written Language and Literacy. 2, 1, p. 1-44 44 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Language 100%
  • Orthography 100%
  • Spelling 100%
  • Approach 72%
  • Writing Systems 36%

• When marking tone reduces fluency: An orthography experiment in Cameroon

  Bird, S., 1999, In: Language and Speech. 42, 1, p. 83-115 33 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Orthography 100%
  • Text 74%
  • Phonemics 74%
  • Critical Review 50%
  • Writer 50%
• 1998

  Towards a formal framework for linguistic annotations

  Bird, S. & Liberman, M., 1998, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing. 12 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Annotation 100%
  • Linguistics 71%
  • Standards 28%
  • Data Type 28%
  • Frame-work 28%
• 1997

  A lexical database tool for quantitative phonological research

  Bird, S., 1997, Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group in Computational Phonology. Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), p. 33-39 7 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Tools 100%
  • Research 50%
  • lexical database 50%
• 1994

  Automated tone transcription

  Bird, S., 1994, Proceedings of the First Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group in Computational Phonology. Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), p. 1-12 12 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

• How to Study a Tone Language, with exemplification from Oku (Grassfields Bantu, Cameroon)

  Bird, S. (ed.) & Hyman, L. (ed.), 1994, In: Language Documentation and Conservation. 20, 3, p. 525-562 38 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Analysis 100%
  • Approach 66%
  • Cameroon 66%
  • Mexico 66%
  • Otomanguean 66%
  24 Downloads (Pure)

• Introduction to computational phonology

  Bird, S., 1994, In: Computational Linguistics. 20, 3, p. 1-8 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Phonetics 100%
  • Phonology 100%
  6 Downloads (Pure)

• One level phonology: Autosegmental representations and rules as Finite Automata

  Bird, S. & Ellison, T. M., 1994, In: Computational Linguistics. 20, 1, p. 55-90 36 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Automata 100%
  • Automaton 80%
  • Phonology 60%
  • phonological rules 40%
  • Logical Implication 20%

• Phonological analysis in typed feature systems

  Bird, S. & Klein, E., Sep 1994, In: Computational Linguistics. 20, p. 455-491 37 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Phonetics 100%
  • Frame-work 50%
  • System 33%
  • Phonological 33%
  • Grammar Framework 33%
  12 Downloads (Pure)
• 1993

  Tone in the Bamileke Dschang Associative Construction: An Electrolaryngographic Study and Comparison with Hyman (1985)

  Bird, S. & Stegen, O., Aug 1993, p. 1-19, 19 p.

  Research output: Working paper

• 1992

  Declarative phonology

  Bird, S., Coleman, J., Pierrehumbert, J. & Scobbie, J., 1992, Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference of Linguists. Crochetière, A., Boulanger, J-C. & Ouellon, C. (eds.). Quebec: Presses de l'Universit'e Laval, 12 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  • Phonology 100%

• Finite-state phonology in HPSG

  Bird, S., 1992, Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics-Volume 1. p. 74-80 7 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper published in Proceedings › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Phonetics 100%
  • Domain 20%
  • Limits 20%
  • Object 20%
  • Lexical 20%