A forty-year karstic critical zone survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and hydroclimatic controls on seasonal and interannual variations of stream water chemical composition, pCO2, and carbonate equilibrium

Francesco Ulloa-Cedamanos; Jean Luc Probst; Stephane Binet; Thierry Camboulive; Virginie Payre-Suc; Corinne Pautot; Michel Bakalowicz; Sandra Beranger; Anne Probst

doi:10.3390/W12051227

A forty-year karstic critical zone survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and hydroclimatic controls on seasonal and interannual variations of stream water chemical composition, pCO₂, and carbonate equilibrium

Francesco Ulloa-Cedamanos, Jean Luc Probst, Stephane Binet, Thierry Camboulive, Virginie Payre-Suc, Corinne Pautot, Michel Bakalowicz, Sandra Beranger, Anne Probst

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

20 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

The long-term trends and seasonal patterns of stream water chemical composition in a small remote forested karst catchment, were investigated from 1978 to 2018. Calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonates, the dominant ions, increased over the period together with temperature, while sulfates decreased. Carbonate and sulfate mineral dissolution was the main source of these elements. These trends and the seasonal opposite patterns of discharge vs. temperature, calcite saturation index vs. pCO2 and bicarbonate vs. sulfates, suggested the influence of discharge, of reduced long-range atmospheric pollution, and of increasing air temperature on biological activity and carbonate dissolution. Furthermore, the hydrological regime controlled the seasonal stream water chemical composition and fluxes by: (i) a dilution during the high discharge period, (ii) a change in the contribution rate of the waters draining different lithological areas in the catchment, e.g., the increased sulfates to bicarbonates ratio during summer low flows, with a maximum alkalinity decrease of 24%, and (iii) a "piston" and a "flushing" effects of dissolved elements stored in soils and epikarst with the first autumn heavy rains. Long-term stream water hydrochemical surveys of karst system have proved to be powerful indicators of biogeochemical processes, water sources and pathways under variable natural and anthropogenic environmental pressure conditions.

Original language	English
Article number	1227
Pages (from-to)	1-29
Number of pages	29
Journal	Water (Switzerland)
Volume	12
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/W12051227
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2020
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors specially thank the support from CNRS INEE and INSU, SNO KARST, OZCAR, and Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (LTSER ZA PYGAR). The data of this work were gathered and partly monitored within the framework of the French KARST Observatory Network SNO KARST (www.sokarst.org) initiative of the INSU/CNRS, which aims to strengthen knowledge-sharing and to promote cross-disciplinary research on karst systems. The SNO Karst is also included in the French Research Infrastructure OZCAR, the French network of Critical Zone Observatories. The EcoLab analytical platforms, PAPC (F. Julien, D. Lambrigot, and W. Amblas) and the chemical lab service from the GET (C. Causserand and P. Besson) contribute to the analytical work during the more recent years. F. Ulloa-Cedamanos’s PhD was supported by a fellowship from the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. Special thanks go to those who helped at a given period in the field for data collection or analytical work: a particular thought goes to Alain Mangin to whom this work is dedicated.

Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the CNRS INSU-INEE.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors.

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water-12-01227-v3Final published version, 3.91 MBLicence: CC BY

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Ulloa-Cedamanos, F., Probst, J. L., Binet, S., Camboulive, T., Payre-Suc, V., Pautot, C., Bakalowicz, M., Beranger, S., & Probst, A. (2020). A forty-year karstic critical zone survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and hydroclimatic controls on seasonal and interannual variations of stream water chemical composition, pCO₂, and carbonate equilibrium. Water (Switzerland), 12(5), 1-29. Article 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/W12051227

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title = "A forty-year karstic critical zone survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and hydroclimatic controls on seasonal and interannual variations of stream water chemical composition, pCO2, and carbonate equilibrium",

abstract = "The long-term trends and seasonal patterns of stream water chemical composition in a small remote forested karst catchment, were investigated from 1978 to 2018. Calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonates, the dominant ions, increased over the period together with temperature, while sulfates decreased. Carbonate and sulfate mineral dissolution was the main source of these elements. These trends and the seasonal opposite patterns of discharge vs. temperature, calcite saturation index vs. pCO2 and bicarbonate vs. sulfates, suggested the influence of discharge, of reduced long-range atmospheric pollution, and of increasing air temperature on biological activity and carbonate dissolution. Furthermore, the hydrological regime controlled the seasonal stream water chemical composition and fluxes by: (i) a dilution during the high discharge period, (ii) a change in the contribution rate of the waters draining different lithological areas in the catchment, e.g., the increased sulfates to bicarbonates ratio during summer low flows, with a maximum alkalinity decrease of 24%, and (iii) a {"}piston{"} and a {"}flushing{"} effects of dissolved elements stored in soils and epikarst with the first autumn heavy rains. Long-term stream water hydrochemical surveys of karst system have proved to be powerful indicators of biogeochemical processes, water sources and pathways under variable natural and anthropogenic environmental pressure conditions.",

keywords = "Carbonate dissolution, Global warming, Hydrochemical trends, Long-term monitoring, Mineral weathering, Mountainous catchment, Seasonal patterns",

author = "Francesco Ulloa-Cedamanos and Probst, {Jean Luc} and Stephane Binet and Thierry Camboulive and Virginie Payre-Suc and Corinne Pautot and Michel Bakalowicz and Sandra Beranger and Anne Probst",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors specially thank the support from CNRS INEE and INSU, SNO KARST, OZCAR, and Zone Atelier Pyr{\'e}n{\'e}es-Garonne (LTSER ZA PYGAR). The data of this work were gathered and partly monitored within the framework of the French KARST Observatory Network SNO KARST (www.sokarst.org) initiative of the INSU/CNRS, which aims to strengthen knowledge-sharing and to promote cross-disciplinary research on karst systems. The SNO Karst is also included in the French Research Infrastructure OZCAR, the French network of Critical Zone Observatories. The EcoLab analytical platforms, PAPC (F. Julien, D. Lambrigot, and W. Amblas) and the chemical lab service from the GET (C. Causserand and P. Besson) contribute to the analytical work during the more recent years. F. Ulloa-Cedamanos{\textquoteright}s PhD was supported by a fellowship from the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. Special thanks go to those who helped at a given period in the field for data collection or analytical work: a particular thought goes to Alain Mangin to whom this work is dedicated. Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the CNRS INSU-INEE. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors.",

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doi = "10.3390/W12051227",

language = "English",

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Ulloa-Cedamanos, F, Probst, JL, Binet, S, Camboulive, T, Payre-Suc, V, Pautot, C, Bakalowicz, M, Beranger, S & Probst, A 2020, 'A forty-year karstic critical zone survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and hydroclimatic controls on seasonal and interannual variations of stream water chemical composition, pCO₂, and carbonate equilibrium', Water (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 5, 1227, pp. 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/W12051227

A forty-year karstic critical zone survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and hydroclimatic controls on seasonal and interannual variations of stream water chemical composition, pCO₂, and carbonate equilibrium. / Ulloa-Cedamanos, Francesco; Probst, Jean Luc; Binet, Stephane et al.
In: Water (Switzerland), Vol. 12, No. 5, 1227, 01.05.2020, p. 1-29.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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AU - Ulloa-Cedamanos, Francesco

AU - Probst, Jean Luc

AU - Binet, Stephane

AU - Camboulive, Thierry

AU - Payre-Suc, Virginie

AU - Pautot, Corinne

AU - Bakalowicz, Michel

AU - Beranger, Sandra

AU - Probst, Anne

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors specially thank the support from CNRS INEE and INSU, SNO KARST, OZCAR, and Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (LTSER ZA PYGAR). The data of this work were gathered and partly monitored within the framework of the French KARST Observatory Network SNO KARST (www.sokarst.org) initiative of the INSU/CNRS, which aims to strengthen knowledge-sharing and to promote cross-disciplinary research on karst systems. The SNO Karst is also included in the French Research Infrastructure OZCAR, the French network of Critical Zone Observatories. The EcoLab analytical platforms, PAPC (F. Julien, D. Lambrigot, and W. Amblas) and the chemical lab service from the GET (C. Causserand and P. Besson) contribute to the analytical work during the more recent years. F. Ulloa-Cedamanos’s PhD was supported by a fellowship from the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. Special thanks go to those who helped at a given period in the field for data collection or analytical work: a particular thought goes to Alain Mangin to whom this work is dedicated. Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the CNRS INSU-INEE. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors.

PY - 2020/5/1

Y1 - 2020/5/1

N2 - The long-term trends and seasonal patterns of stream water chemical composition in a small remote forested karst catchment, were investigated from 1978 to 2018. Calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonates, the dominant ions, increased over the period together with temperature, while sulfates decreased. Carbonate and sulfate mineral dissolution was the main source of these elements. These trends and the seasonal opposite patterns of discharge vs. temperature, calcite saturation index vs. pCO2 and bicarbonate vs. sulfates, suggested the influence of discharge, of reduced long-range atmospheric pollution, and of increasing air temperature on biological activity and carbonate dissolution. Furthermore, the hydrological regime controlled the seasonal stream water chemical composition and fluxes by: (i) a dilution during the high discharge period, (ii) a change in the contribution rate of the waters draining different lithological areas in the catchment, e.g., the increased sulfates to bicarbonates ratio during summer low flows, with a maximum alkalinity decrease of 24%, and (iii) a "piston" and a "flushing" effects of dissolved elements stored in soils and epikarst with the first autumn heavy rains. Long-term stream water hydrochemical surveys of karst system have proved to be powerful indicators of biogeochemical processes, water sources and pathways under variable natural and anthropogenic environmental pressure conditions.

AB - The long-term trends and seasonal patterns of stream water chemical composition in a small remote forested karst catchment, were investigated from 1978 to 2018. Calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonates, the dominant ions, increased over the period together with temperature, while sulfates decreased. Carbonate and sulfate mineral dissolution was the main source of these elements. These trends and the seasonal opposite patterns of discharge vs. temperature, calcite saturation index vs. pCO2 and bicarbonate vs. sulfates, suggested the influence of discharge, of reduced long-range atmospheric pollution, and of increasing air temperature on biological activity and carbonate dissolution. Furthermore, the hydrological regime controlled the seasonal stream water chemical composition and fluxes by: (i) a dilution during the high discharge period, (ii) a change in the contribution rate of the waters draining different lithological areas in the catchment, e.g., the increased sulfates to bicarbonates ratio during summer low flows, with a maximum alkalinity decrease of 24%, and (iii) a "piston" and a "flushing" effects of dissolved elements stored in soils and epikarst with the first autumn heavy rains. Long-term stream water hydrochemical surveys of karst system have proved to be powerful indicators of biogeochemical processes, water sources and pathways under variable natural and anthropogenic environmental pressure conditions.

KW - Carbonate dissolution

KW - Global warming

KW - Hydrochemical trends

KW - Long-term monitoring

KW - Mineral weathering

KW - Mountainous catchment

KW - Seasonal patterns

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Ulloa-Cedamanos F, Probst JL, Binet S, Camboulive T, Payre-Suc V, Pautot C et al. A forty-year karstic critical zone survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and hydroclimatic controls on seasonal and interannual variations of stream water chemical composition, pCO₂, and carbonate equilibrium. Water (Switzerland). 2020 May 1;12(5):1-29. 1227. doi: 10.3390/W12051227