TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessing the overuse of antibiotics in children in Saudi Arabia
T2 - Validation of the parental perception on antibiotics scale (PAPA scale)
AU - Alumran, Arwa
AU - Hou, Xiang Yu
AU - Hurst, Cameron
PY - 2013/3/11
Y1 - 2013/3/11
N2 - Background: Antibiotics overuse is a global public health issue influenced by several factors, of which some are parent-related psychosocial factors that can only be measured using valid and reliable psychosocial measurement instruments. The PAPA scale was developed to measure these factors and the content validity of this instrument was assessed. Aim: This study further validated the recently developed instrument in terms of (1) face validity and (2) construct validity including: deciding the number and nature of factors, and item selection. Methods: Questionnaires were self-administered to parents of children between the ages of 0 and 12 years old. Parents were conveniently recruited from schools' parental meetings in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Face validity was assessed with regards to questionnaire clarity and unambiguity. Construct validity and item selection processes were conducted using Exploratory factor analysis. Results: Parallel analysis and Exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring produced six factors in the developed instrument: knowledge and beliefs, behaviours, sources of information, adherence, awareness about antibiotics resistance, and parents' perception regarding doctors' prescribing behaviours. Reliability was assessed (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78) which demonstrates the instrument as being reliable. Conclusion: The 'factors' produced in this study coincide with the constructs contextually identified in the development phase of other instruments used to study antibiotic use. However, no other study considering perceptions of antibiotic use had gone beyond content validation of such instruments. This study is the first to constructively validate the factors underlying perceptions regarding antibiotic use in any population and in parents in particular.
AB - Background: Antibiotics overuse is a global public health issue influenced by several factors, of which some are parent-related psychosocial factors that can only be measured using valid and reliable psychosocial measurement instruments. The PAPA scale was developed to measure these factors and the content validity of this instrument was assessed. Aim: This study further validated the recently developed instrument in terms of (1) face validity and (2) construct validity including: deciding the number and nature of factors, and item selection. Methods: Questionnaires were self-administered to parents of children between the ages of 0 and 12 years old. Parents were conveniently recruited from schools' parental meetings in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Face validity was assessed with regards to questionnaire clarity and unambiguity. Construct validity and item selection processes were conducted using Exploratory factor analysis. Results: Parallel analysis and Exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring produced six factors in the developed instrument: knowledge and beliefs, behaviours, sources of information, adherence, awareness about antibiotics resistance, and parents' perception regarding doctors' prescribing behaviours. Reliability was assessed (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78) which demonstrates the instrument as being reliable. Conclusion: The 'factors' produced in this study coincide with the constructs contextually identified in the development phase of other instruments used to study antibiotic use. However, no other study considering perceptions of antibiotic use had gone beyond content validation of such instruments. This study is the first to constructively validate the factors underlying perceptions regarding antibiotic use in any population and in parents in particular.
KW - Antibiotics overuse
KW - Exploratory factor analysis
KW - Measurement instrument
KW - Psychosocial
KW - Reliability
KW - Saudi Arabia
KW - Validity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84874691710&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/1477-7525-11-39
DO - 10.1186/1477-7525-11-39
M3 - Article
C2 - 23497151
SN - 1477-7525
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 8
JO - Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
JF - Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
IS - 1
M1 - 39
ER -