Cesium compounds as interface modifiers for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells

Md Arafat Mahmud; Naveen Kumar Elumalai; Mushfika Baishakhi Upama; Dian Wang; Vinicius R. Gonçales; Matthew Wright; John Justin Gooding; Faiazul Haque; Cheng Xu; Ashraf Uddin

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2017.08.032

Cesium compounds as interface modifiers for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells

Md Arafat Mahmud, Naveen Kumar Elumalai, Mushfika Baishakhi Upama, Dian Wang, Vinicius R. Gonçales, Matthew Wright, John Justin Gooding, Faiazul Haque, Cheng Xu, Ashraf Uddin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

42 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The presented work demonstrates the development of highly stable low temperature processed Cesium compound incorporated ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Cesium compounds such as CA (cesium acetate) and CC (cesium carbonate) modified ETLs are employed for fabricating highly efficient (PCE: ~ 16.5%) mixed organic cation based MA_0.6FA_0.4PbI₃ PSCs via restricted volume solvent annealing (RVSA) method. Here, CA ETL demonstrates a 50 meV upshift in Fermi level position with respect to CC ETL, contributing to higher n-type conductivity and lower electron injection barrier at the interface. Furthermore, CA ETL also exhibits profound influence on the perovskite microstructure leading to larger grain size and uniform distribution. Cesium acetate incorporated devices exhibit about 82% higher PCE compared to conventional CC devices. In addition to higher photovoltaic performance, CA devices exhibit mitigated photo-current hysteresis phenomena compared to CC devices, owing to suppressed electrode polarization phenomena. Besides, the stability of the CA devices are 400% higher than the conventional CC devices, retaining almost 90% of its initial PCE even after a month-long (30 days) systematic degradation study. The mechanism behind superior performance and stability is investigated and discussed comprehensively.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	172-186
Number of pages	15
Journal	Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
Volume	174
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.08.032
Publication status	Published - Jan 2018
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Future Solar Technologies Pty. Ltd. for this research work. Authors V.R.G. and J. J. G. thank ARC for the Australian Laureate Fellowship FL150100060 attributed to Scientia Prof. J. Justin Gooding (School of Chemistry, UNSW-Sydney). The authors would also like to acknowledge the endless support from the staffs of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering School, Electron Microscope Unit (EMU) and Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit under Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, UNSW.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.

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10.1016/j.solmat.2017.08.032

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@article{0b62168f11ca4cdd89c586cb98c26980,

title = "Cesium compounds as interface modifiers for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells",

abstract = "The presented work demonstrates the development of highly stable low temperature processed Cesium compound incorporated ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Cesium compounds such as CA (cesium acetate) and CC (cesium carbonate) modified ETLs are employed for fabricating highly efficient (PCE: ~ 16.5%) mixed organic cation based MA0.6FA0.4PbI3 PSCs via restricted volume solvent annealing (RVSA) method. Here, CA ETL demonstrates a 50 meV upshift in Fermi level position with respect to CC ETL, contributing to higher n-type conductivity and lower electron injection barrier at the interface. Furthermore, CA ETL also exhibits profound influence on the perovskite microstructure leading to larger grain size and uniform distribution. Cesium acetate incorporated devices exhibit about 82% higher PCE compared to conventional CC devices. In addition to higher photovoltaic performance, CA devices exhibit mitigated photo-current hysteresis phenomena compared to CC devices, owing to suppressed electrode polarization phenomena. Besides, the stability of the CA devices are 400% higher than the conventional CC devices, retaining almost 90% of its initial PCE even after a month-long (30 days) systematic degradation study. The mechanism behind superior performance and stability is investigated and discussed comprehensively.",

keywords = "Cesium compounds, Electrode polarization, Electron injection barrier, Perovskite solar cell, Trap state passivation",

author = "{Arafat Mahmud}, Md and {Kumar Elumalai}, Naveen and {Baishakhi Upama}, Mushfika and Dian Wang and Gon{\c c}ales, {Vinicius R.} and Matthew Wright and {Justin Gooding}, John and Faiazul Haque and Cheng Xu and Ashraf Uddin",

note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Future Solar Technologies Pty. Ltd. for this research work. Authors V.R.G. and J. J. G. thank ARC for the Australian Laureate Fellowship FL150100060 attributed to Scientia Prof. J. Justin Gooding (School of Chemistry, UNSW-Sydney). The authors would also like to acknowledge the endless support from the staffs of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering School, Electron Microscope Unit (EMU) and Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit under Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, UNSW. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2018",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.solmat.2017.08.032",

language = "English",

volume = "174",

pages = "172--186",

journal = "Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells",

issn = "0927-0248",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Cesium compounds as interface modifiers for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells

AU - Arafat Mahmud, Md

AU - Kumar Elumalai, Naveen

AU - Baishakhi Upama, Mushfika

AU - Wang, Dian

AU - Gonçales, Vinicius R.

AU - Wright, Matthew

AU - Justin Gooding, John

AU - Haque, Faiazul

AU - Xu, Cheng

AU - Uddin, Ashraf

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Future Solar Technologies Pty. Ltd. for this research work. Authors V.R.G. and J. J. G. thank ARC for the Australian Laureate Fellowship FL150100060 attributed to Scientia Prof. J. Justin Gooding (School of Chemistry, UNSW-Sydney). The authors would also like to acknowledge the endless support from the staffs of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering School, Electron Microscope Unit (EMU) and Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit under Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, UNSW. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2018/1

Y1 - 2018/1

N2 - The presented work demonstrates the development of highly stable low temperature processed Cesium compound incorporated ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Cesium compounds such as CA (cesium acetate) and CC (cesium carbonate) modified ETLs are employed for fabricating highly efficient (PCE: ~ 16.5%) mixed organic cation based MA0.6FA0.4PbI3 PSCs via restricted volume solvent annealing (RVSA) method. Here, CA ETL demonstrates a 50 meV upshift in Fermi level position with respect to CC ETL, contributing to higher n-type conductivity and lower electron injection barrier at the interface. Furthermore, CA ETL also exhibits profound influence on the perovskite microstructure leading to larger grain size and uniform distribution. Cesium acetate incorporated devices exhibit about 82% higher PCE compared to conventional CC devices. In addition to higher photovoltaic performance, CA devices exhibit mitigated photo-current hysteresis phenomena compared to CC devices, owing to suppressed electrode polarization phenomena. Besides, the stability of the CA devices are 400% higher than the conventional CC devices, retaining almost 90% of its initial PCE even after a month-long (30 days) systematic degradation study. The mechanism behind superior performance and stability is investigated and discussed comprehensively.

AB - The presented work demonstrates the development of highly stable low temperature processed Cesium compound incorporated ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Cesium compounds such as CA (cesium acetate) and CC (cesium carbonate) modified ETLs are employed for fabricating highly efficient (PCE: ~ 16.5%) mixed organic cation based MA0.6FA0.4PbI3 PSCs via restricted volume solvent annealing (RVSA) method. Here, CA ETL demonstrates a 50 meV upshift in Fermi level position with respect to CC ETL, contributing to higher n-type conductivity and lower electron injection barrier at the interface. Furthermore, CA ETL also exhibits profound influence on the perovskite microstructure leading to larger grain size and uniform distribution. Cesium acetate incorporated devices exhibit about 82% higher PCE compared to conventional CC devices. In addition to higher photovoltaic performance, CA devices exhibit mitigated photo-current hysteresis phenomena compared to CC devices, owing to suppressed electrode polarization phenomena. Besides, the stability of the CA devices are 400% higher than the conventional CC devices, retaining almost 90% of its initial PCE even after a month-long (30 days) systematic degradation study. The mechanism behind superior performance and stability is investigated and discussed comprehensively.

KW - Cesium compounds

KW - Electrode polarization

KW - Electron injection barrier

KW - Perovskite solar cell

KW - Trap state passivation

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U2 - 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.08.032

DO - 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.08.032

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85028849792

SN - 0927-0248

VL - 174

SP - 172

EP - 186

JO - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

ER -

Cesium compounds as interface modifiers for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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