Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in a cross-sectional study of urogenital samples from remote Northern and central Australia

Philip Giffard; Nicole Brenner; Sepehr Tabrizi; Suzanne Garland; Deborah Holt; Patiyan Andersson; Rachael Gorie; Steven Tong; Mahdad Karimi; Prudence Boylan; Nathan Ryder; Tracy Johns; Gurmeet Singh

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009624

Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in a cross-sectional study of urogenital samples from remote Northern and central Australia

Philip Giffard, Nicole Brenner, Sepehr Tabrizi, Suzanne Garland, Deborah Holt, Patiyan Andersson, Rachael Gorie, Steven Tong, Mahdad Karimi, Prudence Boylan, Nathan Ryder, Tracy Johns, Gurmeet Singh

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Abstract

Objectives: The objective was to determine the frequency of trachoma genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis-positive urogenital tract (UGT) specimens from remote areas of the Australian Northern Territory (NT).

Setting: The setting was analysis of remnants of C. trachomatis positive primarily UGT specimens obtained in the course of clinical practice. The specimens were obtained from two pathology service providers.

Participants: From 3356 C. trachomatis specimens collected during May 2012-April 2013, 439 were selected for genotyping, with a focus on specimens from postpubescent patients, in remote Aboriginal communities where ocular trachoma is potentially present.

Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the proportion of successfully genotyped UGT specimens that were trachoma genotypes. The secondary outcome measures were the distribution of genotypes, and the frequencies of different classes of specimens able to be genotyped.

Results: Zero of 217 successfully genotyped UGT specimens yielded trachoma genotypes (95% CI for frequency=0-0.017). For UGT specimens, the genotypes were E (41%), F (22%), D (21%) and K (7%), with J, H and G and mixed genotypes each at 1-4%. Four of the five genotyped eye swabs yielded trachoma genotype Ba, and the other genotype J. Two hundred twenty-two specimens (50.6%) were successfully genotyped. Urine specimens were less likely to be typable than vaginal swabs (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Unlike in some other studies, in the remote NT, trachoma genotypes of C. trachomatis were not found circulating in UGT specimens from 2012 to 2013. Therefore, C. trachomatis genotypes in UGT specimens from young children can be informative as to whether the organism has been acquired through sexual contact. We suggest inclusion of C. trachomatis genotyping in guidelines examining the source of sexually transmitted infections in young children in.

Original language	English
Article number	e009624
Pages (from-to)	1-7
Number of pages	7
Journal	BMJ Open
Volume	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009624
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2016

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Giffard, Philip ; Brenner, Nicole ; Tabrizi, Sepehr ; Garland, Suzanne ; Holt, Deborah ; Andersson, Patiyan ; Gorie, Rachael ; Tong, Steven ; Karimi, Mahdad ; Boylan, Prudence ; Ryder, Nathan ; Johns, Tracy ; Singh, Gurmeet. / Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in a cross-sectional study of urogenital samples from remote Northern and central Australia. In: BMJ Open. 2016 ; Vol. 6. pp. 1-7.

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title = "Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in a cross-sectional study of urogenital samples from remote Northern and central Australia",

abstract = "Objectives: The objective was to determine the frequency of trachoma genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis-positive urogenital tract (UGT) specimens from remote areas of the Australian Northern Territory (NT). Setting: The setting was analysis of remnants of C. trachomatis positive primarily UGT specimens obtained in the course of clinical practice. The specimens were obtained from two pathology service providers. Participants: From 3356 C. trachomatis specimens collected during May 2012-April 2013, 439 were selected for genotyping, with a focus on specimens from postpubescent patients, in remote Aboriginal communities where ocular trachoma is potentially present. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the proportion of successfully genotyped UGT specimens that were trachoma genotypes. The secondary outcome measures were the distribution of genotypes, and the frequencies of different classes of specimens able to be genotyped. Results: Zero of 217 successfully genotyped UGT specimens yielded trachoma genotypes (95% CI for frequency=0-0.017). For UGT specimens, the genotypes were E (41%), F (22%), D (21%) and K (7%), with J, H and G and mixed genotypes each at 1-4%. Four of the five genotyped eye swabs yielded trachoma genotype Ba, and the other genotype J. Two hundred twenty-two specimens (50.6%) were successfully genotyped. Urine specimens were less likely to be typable than vaginal swabs (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Unlike in some other studies, in the remote NT, trachoma genotypes of C. trachomatis were not found circulating in UGT specimens from 2012 to 2013. Therefore, C. trachomatis genotypes in UGT specimens from young children can be informative as to whether the organism has been acquired through sexual contact. We suggest inclusion of C. trachomatis genotyping in guidelines examining the source of sexually transmitted infections in young children in.",

author = "Philip Giffard and Nicole Brenner and Sepehr Tabrizi and Suzanne Garland and Deborah Holt and Patiyan Andersson and Rachael Gorie and Steven Tong and Mahdad Karimi and Prudence Boylan and Nathan Ryder and Tracy Johns and Gurmeet Singh",

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Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in a cross-sectional study of urogenital samples from remote Northern and central Australia. / Giffard, Philip; Brenner, Nicole; Tabrizi, Sepehr; Garland, Suzanne; Holt, Deborah; Andersson, Patiyan; Gorie, Rachael; Tong, Steven; Karimi, Mahdad; Boylan, Prudence; Ryder, Nathan; Johns, Tracy; Singh, Gurmeet.

In: BMJ Open, Vol. 6, e009624, 01.01.2016, p. 1-7.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

TY - JOUR

T1 - Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in a cross-sectional study of urogenital samples from remote Northern and central Australia

AU - Giffard, Philip

AU - Brenner, Nicole

AU - Tabrizi, Sepehr

AU - Garland, Suzanne

AU - Holt, Deborah

AU - Andersson, Patiyan

AU - Gorie, Rachael

AU - Tong, Steven

AU - Karimi, Mahdad

AU - Boylan, Prudence

AU - Ryder, Nathan

AU - Johns, Tracy

AU - Singh, Gurmeet

PY - 2016/1/1

Y1 - 2016/1/1

N2 - Objectives: The objective was to determine the frequency of trachoma genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis-positive urogenital tract (UGT) specimens from remote areas of the Australian Northern Territory (NT). Setting: The setting was analysis of remnants of C. trachomatis positive primarily UGT specimens obtained in the course of clinical practice. The specimens were obtained from two pathology service providers. Participants: From 3356 C. trachomatis specimens collected during May 2012-April 2013, 439 were selected for genotyping, with a focus on specimens from postpubescent patients, in remote Aboriginal communities where ocular trachoma is potentially present. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the proportion of successfully genotyped UGT specimens that were trachoma genotypes. The secondary outcome measures were the distribution of genotypes, and the frequencies of different classes of specimens able to be genotyped. Results: Zero of 217 successfully genotyped UGT specimens yielded trachoma genotypes (95% CI for frequency=0-0.017). For UGT specimens, the genotypes were E (41%), F (22%), D (21%) and K (7%), with J, H and G and mixed genotypes each at 1-4%. Four of the five genotyped eye swabs yielded trachoma genotype Ba, and the other genotype J. Two hundred twenty-two specimens (50.6%) were successfully genotyped. Urine specimens were less likely to be typable than vaginal swabs (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Unlike in some other studies, in the remote NT, trachoma genotypes of C. trachomatis were not found circulating in UGT specimens from 2012 to 2013. Therefore, C. trachomatis genotypes in UGT specimens from young children can be informative as to whether the organism has been acquired through sexual contact. We suggest inclusion of C. trachomatis genotyping in guidelines examining the source of sexually transmitted infections in young children in.

AB - Objectives: The objective was to determine the frequency of trachoma genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis-positive urogenital tract (UGT) specimens from remote areas of the Australian Northern Territory (NT). Setting: The setting was analysis of remnants of C. trachomatis positive primarily UGT specimens obtained in the course of clinical practice. The specimens were obtained from two pathology service providers. Participants: From 3356 C. trachomatis specimens collected during May 2012-April 2013, 439 were selected for genotyping, with a focus on specimens from postpubescent patients, in remote Aboriginal communities where ocular trachoma is potentially present. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the proportion of successfully genotyped UGT specimens that were trachoma genotypes. The secondary outcome measures were the distribution of genotypes, and the frequencies of different classes of specimens able to be genotyped. Results: Zero of 217 successfully genotyped UGT specimens yielded trachoma genotypes (95% CI for frequency=0-0.017). For UGT specimens, the genotypes were E (41%), F (22%), D (21%) and K (7%), with J, H and G and mixed genotypes each at 1-4%. Four of the five genotyped eye swabs yielded trachoma genotype Ba, and the other genotype J. Two hundred twenty-two specimens (50.6%) were successfully genotyped. Urine specimens were less likely to be typable than vaginal swabs (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Unlike in some other studies, in the remote NT, trachoma genotypes of C. trachomatis were not found circulating in UGT specimens from 2012 to 2013. Therefore, C. trachomatis genotypes in UGT specimens from young children can be informative as to whether the organism has been acquired through sexual contact. We suggest inclusion of C. trachomatis genotyping in guidelines examining the source of sexually transmitted infections in young children in.

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