Commentaries on IDC Theory in practice: IDC Theory and repositioning human agency in learning

This commentary on IDC Theory aims to contribute to its ongoing development by reflecting on the contemporary environment in which several drivers of change are impacting education systems worldwide, not least of which is the impact of the pandemic on systemic transformation. The impact of the pandemic is already dealt with in detail elsewhere, so for contextual focus, two other recent constructs from Asia are highlighted: Society 5.0 from Japan and Merdeka Belajar from Indonesia. Like IDC Theory, both are focused on repositioning human agency in learning. Both have also emerged in the third decade of the 21st century.