Conclusion

This book examines the interactions between Indigenous communities and mining operations, highlighting the complex interplay of legal and policy frameworks, environmental impacts, and socioeconomic considerations. Through comparative studies across regions of Canada, Fennoscandia, and Australasia, it underscores the persistent challenges faced by Indigenous communities in asserting their rights and participating in decision-making processes regarding mining projects. Despite increasing recognition of Indigenous rights and a focus on corporate social responsibility, mining operations often continue to prioritize development over these rights, leading to limited Indigenous participation and significant socioenvironmental impacts. The book delves into Indigenous engagement strategies, the exercise of agency beyond traditional decision-making processes, and the socioeconomic and cultural impacts of mining, not only emphasizing the asymmetrical power relations but also noting instances where Indigenous Peoples have asserted their agency, challenging state and corporate definitions of their rights to negotiate beneficial outcomes. It also addresses the accountability of stakeholders and calls for a reevaluation of the socioeconomic impacts of mining. The book points to the need for a shift toward more equitable and sustainable mining practices that prioritize the well-being of Indigenous communities and the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives in research and policy-making to foster transformative and lasting change.