Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas

Robert Timmers; Marijke van Kuijk; Pita A. Verweij; Jaboury Ghazoul; Yann Hautier; William F. Laurance; Stefan L. Arriaga-Weiss; Robert A. Askins; Corrado Battisti; Åke Berg; Gretchen C. Daily; Cristián F. Estades; Beatrice Frank; Reiko Kurosawa; Rosamund A. Pojar; John C.Z. Woinarski; Merel B. Soons

doi:10.1002/fee.2485

Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas

Robert Timmers, Marijke van Kuijk, Pita A. Verweij, Jaboury Ghazoul, Yann Hautier, William F. Laurance, Stefan L. Arriaga-Weiss, Robert A. Askins, Corrado Battisti, Åke Berg, Gretchen C. Daily, Cristián F. Estades, Beatrice Frank, Reiko Kurosawa, Rosamund A. Pojar, John C.Z. Woinarski, Merel B. Soons

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

For successful conservation of biodiversity, it is vital to know whether protected areas in increasingly fragmented landscapes effectively safeguard species. However, how large habitat fragments must be, and what level of protection is required to sustain species, remains poorly known. We compiled a global dataset on almost 2000 bird species in 741 forest fragments varying in size and protection status, and show that protection is associated with higher bird occurrence, especially for threatened species. Protection becomes increasingly effective with increasing size of forest fragments. For forest fragments >50 ha our results show that strict protection (International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] categories I–IV) is strongly associated with higher bird occurrence, whereas fragments had to be at least 175 ha for moderate protection (IUCN categories V and VI) to have a positive effect. This meta-analysis quantifies the importance of fragment size, protection status, and their interaction for the conservation of bird species communities, and stresses that protection should not be limited to large pristine areas.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	361-369
Number of pages	9
Journal	Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
Volume	20
Issue number	6
Early online date	2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2485
Publication status	Published - Aug 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was funded by the Prince Bernhard Chair for International Nature Conservation and the Dutch Research Council (project number 17431 and a personal Vidi grant to MBS). : MBS and RT conceived the study and wrote the manuscript; MvK, PAV, JG, YH, and WFL were closely involved from the start and helped shape the project and manuscript; RT collected and analyzed the metadata, with contributions and input on the statistical analysis by YH; the remaining authors provided data and feedback on the manuscript. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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56396197-oaFinal published version, 3.86 MBLicence: CC BY
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Timmers, R., van Kuijk, M., Verweij, P. A., Ghazoul, J., Hautier, Y., Laurance, W. F., Arriaga-Weiss, S. L., Askins, R. A., Battisti, C., Berg, Å., Daily, G. C., Estades, C. F., Frank, B., Kurosawa, R., Pojar, R. A., Woinarski, J. C. Z., & Soons, M. B. (2022). Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 20(6), 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2485

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title = "Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas",

abstract = "For successful conservation of biodiversity, it is vital to know whether protected areas in increasingly fragmented landscapes effectively safeguard species. However, how large habitat fragments must be, and what level of protection is required to sustain species, remains poorly known. We compiled a global dataset on almost 2000 bird species in 741 forest fragments varying in size and protection status, and show that protection is associated with higher bird occurrence, especially for threatened species. Protection becomes increasingly effective with increasing size of forest fragments. For forest fragments >50 ha our results show that strict protection (International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] categories I–IV) is strongly associated with higher bird occurrence, whereas fragments had to be at least 175 ha for moderate protection (IUCN categories V and VI) to have a positive effect. This meta-analysis quantifies the importance of fragment size, protection status, and their interaction for the conservation of bird species communities, and stresses that protection should not be limited to large pristine areas.",

author = "Robert Timmers and {van Kuijk}, Marijke and Verweij, {Pita A.} and Jaboury Ghazoul and Yann Hautier and Laurance, {William F.} and Arriaga-Weiss, {Stefan L.} and Askins, {Robert A.} and Corrado Battisti and {\AA}ke Berg and Daily, {Gretchen C.} and Estades, {Cristi{\'a}n F.} and Beatrice Frank and Reiko Kurosawa and Pojar, {Rosamund A.} and Woinarski, {John C.Z.} and Soons, {Merel B.}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was funded by the Prince Bernhard Chair for International Nature Conservation and the Dutch Research Council (project number 17431 and a personal Vidi grant to MBS). : MBS and RT conceived the study and wrote the manuscript; MvK, PAV, JG, YH, and WFL were closely involved from the start and helped shape the project and manuscript; RT collected and analyzed the metadata, with contributions and input on the statistical analysis by YH; the remaining authors provided data and feedback on the manuscript. The authors declare no competing financial interests.",

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doi = "10.1002/fee.2485",

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Timmers, R, van Kuijk, M, Verweij, PA, Ghazoul, J, Hautier, Y, Laurance, WF, Arriaga-Weiss, SL, Askins, RA, Battisti, C, Berg, Å, Daily, GC, Estades, CF, Frank, B, Kurosawa, R, Pojar, RA, Woinarski, JCZ & Soons, MB 2022, 'Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas', Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2485

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AU - Timmers, Robert

AU - van Kuijk, Marijke

AU - Verweij, Pita A.

AU - Ghazoul, Jaboury

AU - Hautier, Yann

AU - Laurance, William F.

AU - Arriaga-Weiss, Stefan L.

AU - Askins, Robert A.

AU - Battisti, Corrado

AU - Berg, Åke

AU - Daily, Gretchen C.

AU - Estades, Cristián F.

AU - Frank, Beatrice

AU - Kurosawa, Reiko

AU - Pojar, Rosamund A.

AU - Woinarski, John C.Z.

AU - Soons, Merel B.

N1 - Funding Information: This study was funded by the Prince Bernhard Chair for International Nature Conservation and the Dutch Research Council (project number 17431 and a personal Vidi grant to MBS). : MBS and RT conceived the study and wrote the manuscript; MvK, PAV, JG, YH, and WFL were closely involved from the start and helped shape the project and manuscript; RT collected and analyzed the metadata, with contributions and input on the statistical analysis by YH; the remaining authors provided data and feedback on the manuscript. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

PY - 2022/8

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N2 - For successful conservation of biodiversity, it is vital to know whether protected areas in increasingly fragmented landscapes effectively safeguard species. However, how large habitat fragments must be, and what level of protection is required to sustain species, remains poorly known. We compiled a global dataset on almost 2000 bird species in 741 forest fragments varying in size and protection status, and show that protection is associated with higher bird occurrence, especially for threatened species. Protection becomes increasingly effective with increasing size of forest fragments. For forest fragments >50 ha our results show that strict protection (International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] categories I–IV) is strongly associated with higher bird occurrence, whereas fragments had to be at least 175 ha for moderate protection (IUCN categories V and VI) to have a positive effect. This meta-analysis quantifies the importance of fragment size, protection status, and their interaction for the conservation of bird species communities, and stresses that protection should not be limited to large pristine areas.

AB - For successful conservation of biodiversity, it is vital to know whether protected areas in increasingly fragmented landscapes effectively safeguard species. However, how large habitat fragments must be, and what level of protection is required to sustain species, remains poorly known. We compiled a global dataset on almost 2000 bird species in 741 forest fragments varying in size and protection status, and show that protection is associated with higher bird occurrence, especially for threatened species. Protection becomes increasingly effective with increasing size of forest fragments. For forest fragments >50 ha our results show that strict protection (International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] categories I–IV) is strongly associated with higher bird occurrence, whereas fragments had to be at least 175 ha for moderate protection (IUCN categories V and VI) to have a positive effect. This meta-analysis quantifies the importance of fragment size, protection status, and their interaction for the conservation of bird species communities, and stresses that protection should not be limited to large pristine areas.

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U2 - 10.1002/fee.2485

DO - 10.1002/fee.2485

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:85126859515

SN - 1540-9295

VL - 20

SP - 361

EP - 369

JO - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment

JF - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment

IS - 6

ER -

Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas

Abstract

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