TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries
T2 - A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
AU - GBD 2016 Diarrhoeal Disease Collaborators
AU - Troeger, Christopher
AU - Blacker, Brigette F.
AU - Khalil, Ibrahim A.
AU - Rao, Puja C.
AU - Cao, Shujin
AU - Zimsen, Stephanie RM
AU - Albertson, Samuel B.
AU - Stanaway, Jeffery D.
AU - Deshpande, Aniruddha
AU - Abebe, Zegeye
AU - Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
AU - Amare, Azmeraw T.
AU - Asgedom, Solomon W.
AU - Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew
AU - Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
AU - Aremu, Olatunde
AU - Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay
AU - Atey, Tesfay Mehari
AU - Atique, Suleman
AU - Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G.Arthur
AU - Awasthi, Ashish
AU - Ayele, Henok Tadesse
AU - Barac, Aleksandra
AU - Barreto, Mauricio L.
AU - Bassat, Quique
AU - Belay, Saba Abraham
AU - Bensenor, Isabela M.
AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
AU - Bijani, Ali
AU - Bizuneh, Hailemichael
AU - Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
AU - Dadi, Abel Fekadu
AU - Dandona, Lalit
AU - Dandona, Rakhi
AU - Do, Huyen Phuc
AU - Dubey, Manisha
AU - Dubljanin, Eleonora
AU - Edessa, Dumessa
AU - Endries, Aman Yesuf
AU - Eshrati, Babak
AU - Farag, Tamer
AU - Feyissa, Garumma Tolu
AU - Foreman, Kyle J.
AU - Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
AU - Fullman, Nancy
AU - Gething, Peter W.
AU - Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo
AU - Godwin, William W.
AU - Gugnani, Harish Chander
AU - Gupta, Rahul
AU - Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
AU - Hassen, Hamid Yimam
AU - Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw
AU - Ilesanmi, Olayinka S.
AU - Jonas, Jost B.
AU - Kahsay, Amaha
AU - Kang, Gagandeep
AU - Kasaeian, Amir
AU - Khader, Yousef Saleh
AU - Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
AU - Khan, Muhammad Ali
AU - Khang, Young Ho
AU - Kissoon, Niranjan
AU - Kochhar, Sonali
AU - Kotloff, Karen L.
AU - Koyanagi, Ai
AU - Kumar, G. Anil
AU - Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan
AU - Malekzadeh, Reza
AU - Malta, Deborah Carvalho
AU - Mehata, Suresh
AU - Mendoza, Walter
AU - Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese
AU - Menota, Bereket Gebremichael
AU - Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane
AU - Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal
AU - Murthy, Srinivas
AU - Naik, Gurudatta A.
AU - Nguyen, Cuong Tat
AU - Nguyen, Trang Huyen
AU - Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
AU - Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
AU - Olagunju, Andrew Toyin
AU - Paudel, Deepak
AU - Platts-Mills, James A.
AU - Qorbani, Mostafa
AU - Rafay, Anwar
AU - Rai, Rajesh Kumar
AU - Rana, Saleem M.
AU - Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
AU - Rasella, Davide
AU - Ray, Sarah E.
AU - Reis, Cesar
AU - Renzaho, Andre MN
AU - Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh
AU - Ruhago, George Mugambage
AU - Safiri, Saeid
AU - Salomon, Joshua A.
AU - Sanabria, Juan Ramon
AU - Sartorius, Benn
AU - Sawhney, Monika
AU - Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
AU - Shigematsu, Mika
AU - Sisay, Mekonnen
AU - Somayaji, Ranjani
AU - Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.
AU - Sykes, Bryan L.
AU - Taffere, Getachew Redae
AU - Topor-Madry, Roman
AU - Tran, Bach Xuan
AU - Tuem, Kald Beshir
AU - Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
AU - Vollset, Stein Emil
AU - Walson, Judd L.
AU - Weaver, Marcia R.
AU - Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey
AU - Werdecker, Andrea
AU - Workicho, Abdulhalik
AU - Yenesew, Muluken
AU - Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn
AU - Yonemoto, Naohiro
AU - El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa
AU - Vos, Theo
AU - Lim, Stephen S.
AU - Naghavi, Mohsen
AU - Murray, Christopher JL
AU - Mokdad, Ali H.
AU - Hay, Simon I.
AU - Reiner, Robert C.
N1 - Funding Information:
CATA reports grants and personal fees from Johnson & Johnson (Philippines) outside the submitted work. ZAB is the principal investigator for a grant from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for scaling-up evidence-based interventions to reduce maternal and child mortality in rural Pakistan outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/11/1
Y1 - 2018/11/1
N2 - Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 provides an up-to-date analysis of the burden of diarrhoea in 195 countries. This study assesses cases, deaths, and aetiologies in 1990–2016 and assesses how the burden of diarrhoea has changed in people of all ages. Methods: We modelled diarrhoea mortality with a Bayesian hierarchical modelling platform that evaluates a wide range of covariates and model types on the basis of vital registration and verbal autopsy data. We modelled diarrhoea incidence with a compartmental meta-regression tool that enforces an association between incidence and prevalence, and relies on scientific literature, population representative surveys, and health-care data. Diarrhoea deaths and episodes were attributed to 13 pathogens by use of a counterfactual population attributable fraction approach. Diarrhoea risk factors are also based on counterfactual estimates of risk exposure and the association between the risk and diarrhoea. Each modelled estimate accounted for uncertainty. Findings: In 2016, diarrhoea was the eighth leading cause of death among all ages (1 655 944 deaths, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1 244 073–2 366 552) and the fifth leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years (446 000 deaths, 390 894–504 613). Rotavirus was the leading aetiology for diarrhoea mortality among children younger than 5 years (128 515 deaths, 105 138–155 133) and among all ages (228 047 deaths, 183 526–292 737). Childhood wasting (low weight-for-height score), unsafe water, and unsafe sanitation were the leading risk factors for diarrhoea, responsible for 80·4% (95% UI 68·2–85·0), 72·1% (34·0–91·4), and 56·4% (49·3–62·7) of diarrhoea deaths in children younger than 5 years, respectively. Prevention of wasting in 1762 children (95% UI 1521–2170) could avert one death from diarrhoea. Interpretation: Substantial progress has been made globally in reducing the burden of diarrhoeal diseases, driven by decreases in several primary risk factors. However, this reduction has not been equal across locations, and burden among adults older than 70 years requires attention. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
AB - Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 provides an up-to-date analysis of the burden of diarrhoea in 195 countries. This study assesses cases, deaths, and aetiologies in 1990–2016 and assesses how the burden of diarrhoea has changed in people of all ages. Methods: We modelled diarrhoea mortality with a Bayesian hierarchical modelling platform that evaluates a wide range of covariates and model types on the basis of vital registration and verbal autopsy data. We modelled diarrhoea incidence with a compartmental meta-regression tool that enforces an association between incidence and prevalence, and relies on scientific literature, population representative surveys, and health-care data. Diarrhoea deaths and episodes were attributed to 13 pathogens by use of a counterfactual population attributable fraction approach. Diarrhoea risk factors are also based on counterfactual estimates of risk exposure and the association between the risk and diarrhoea. Each modelled estimate accounted for uncertainty. Findings: In 2016, diarrhoea was the eighth leading cause of death among all ages (1 655 944 deaths, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1 244 073–2 366 552) and the fifth leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years (446 000 deaths, 390 894–504 613). Rotavirus was the leading aetiology for diarrhoea mortality among children younger than 5 years (128 515 deaths, 105 138–155 133) and among all ages (228 047 deaths, 183 526–292 737). Childhood wasting (low weight-for-height score), unsafe water, and unsafe sanitation were the leading risk factors for diarrhoea, responsible for 80·4% (95% UI 68·2–85·0), 72·1% (34·0–91·4), and 56·4% (49·3–62·7) of diarrhoea deaths in children younger than 5 years, respectively. Prevention of wasting in 1762 children (95% UI 1521–2170) could avert one death from diarrhoea. Interpretation: Substantial progress has been made globally in reducing the burden of diarrhoeal diseases, driven by decreases in several primary risk factors. However, this reduction has not been equal across locations, and burden among adults older than 70 years requires attention. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056480296&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30362-1
DO - 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30362-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 30243583
AN - SCOPUS:85056480296
VL - 18
SP - 1211
EP - 1228
JO - The Lancet Infectious Diseases
JF - The Lancet Infectious Diseases
SN - 1473-3099
IS - 11
ER -