Exogenous and Endogenous Forces in Climate Change Adaptation Policy Making in Developing Countries

Global initiatives such as 100 Resilient Cities, UN-Habitat’s Cities and Climate Change Initiative, and Making cities resilient movement by UNISDR have recently seek to enhance preparedness and risk reduction around the world especially in developing countries. These global initiatives have triggered local actions in some cities across South Asia and Southeast Asia to adopt adaptation policy and practices. This research aims to understand the role of such exogenous forces namely Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) that seeks to foster endogenous adaptation in Indonesia. This paper focuses on understanding the impacts of exogenous force for triggering knowledge-policy interactions, exploration of new ways for climate risk governance and the sustainability of adaptation planning. The question is under what condition endogenous adaptation planning and practice not only takes place but also can be performed as a routine urban development in developing world?