@article{c84c1fc0d0bf4ef4bf6c9d4bba84e68c,
title = "First description of the composition and the functional capabilities of the skin microbial community accompanying severe scabies infestation in humans",
abstract = "Epidemiological studies link Sarcoptes scabiei infection and impetigo. Scabies mites can promote Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) and Staphylococcus aureus infections by breaching the skin barrier and excreting molecules that inhibit host innate immune responses. However, little is known about the composition and the function of the scabies-associated microbiota. Here, high-throughput whole-metagenome sequencing was used to explore the scabies-associated microbiome. Scabies mites including their immediate microenvironments were isolated from two patients with severe scabies in Northern Australia. Two ~45–50 million paired-end reads Illumina libraries were generated of which ~2 (5.1%) and 0.7 million (1.3%) microbial reads were filtered out by mapping to human (hg19) and mite draft genomes. Taxonomic profiling revealed a microbial community dominated by the phylum Firmicutes (A: 79% and B: 59%) and genera that comprise Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Corynebacterium. Assembly of the metagenome reads resulted in genome bins representing reference genomes of Acinetobacter baumannii, Streptococcus dysgalactiae (Group C/G), Proteus mirablis and Staphylococcus aureus. The contigs contained genes relevant to pathogenicity and antibiotics resistance. Confocal microscopy of a patient skin sample confirmed A. baumannii, Streptococci and S. aureus in scabies mite gut and faeces and the surrounding skin. The study provides fundamental evidence for the association of opportunistic pathogens with scabies infection.",
keywords = "Acinetobacter, GAS, Metagenomic, Microbiome, Microbiota, Sarcoptes scabiei, Scabies, Skin microbiome, Skin microbiota, Streptococcus",
author = "Charlotte Bernigaud and Martha Zakrzewski and Sara Taylor and Swe, {Pearl M.} and Papenfuss, {Anthony T.} and Sriprakash, {Kadaba S.} and Deborah Holt and Olivier Chosidow and Currie, {Bart J.} and Katja Fischer",
note = "Funding Information: C.B. was supported by a PhD scholarship from the French Society of Dermatology. K.F. is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Research Fellowship (APP1154805). The study was funded by the Australian NHMRC Project Grant (APP1098804). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report of this study. We would like to gratefully acknowledge both patients that agreed to participate in the study. We thankfully acknowledge the expertise and assistance with IHC and confocal imaging of Tam Hong Nguyen, Nigel Waterhouse, Clay Winterford in the Histology Services of QIMR Berghofer MRI, Mark Blaskovich from the Institute for Molecular Biosciences at the University of Queensland for his kind donation of the A. baumannii ATC19606, Alison Carey at Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation at Queensland University of Technology for donation of S. agalactiae 18RS21 Type II and David J. McMillan for his kind donation of the S. dysgalactiae NS3396 emm-type STG-480. We gratefully acknowledge the expertise and assistance with eukaryotic species of Fran?oise Botterel, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Mycology, APHP, H?pital Henri-Mondor, Universit? Paris-Est, Cr?teil, France. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
day = "23",
doi = "10.3390/microorganisms9050907",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
pages = "1--21",
journal = "Microorganisms",
issn = "2076-2607",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
number = "5",
}