Human Trafficking, Drug Trafficking, and the Death Penalty

Abstract: Both Australia and Indonesia have made commitments to combatting human trafficking. Through the experience of Mary Jane Veloso it can be seen that it is most often the vulnerable ‘mule’ that is apprehended by law enforcement and not the powerful leaders of crime syndicates. It is unacceptable that those vulnerable individuals may face execution for acts committed under threat of force, coercion, fraud, deception or abuse of power. For this reason it is vital that a system of victim identification is developed, including better training for law enforcement, legal representatives and members of the judiciary. This paper builds on submissions by authors for Australian Parliamentary Inquiry into Human Trafficking, and focusses on issues arising in the complex cross section of human trafficking, drug trafficking, and the death penalty with particular attention on identifying victims and effective reporting mechanisms in both Australia and Indonesia. It concludes that, in the context of human trafficking both countries could make three main improvements to law and policy, among others, 1) enactment of laws that create clear mandatory protection for human trafficking victims; 2) enactment of criminal laws that provides complete defence for victim of human trafficking; 3) enactment of corporate reporting mechanisms. Systemic protection and support is not sufficiently available without clear legislative protection as this paper suggests together with standardised referral mechanisms and effective financial reporting mechanisms. The implementation can be achieved through collaborative responses and inter-agency coordination with data collection and properly trained specialists.

Abstrak: Australia dan Indonesia, keduanya telah membuat komitmenuntuk memerangi perdagangan manusia. Melalui pengalaman Mary Jane Veloso, dapatdilihat bahwa seringkali penyelundupyang tertangkap oleh aparat penegak hukumadalah kaum rentan, dan bukannya pemimpin sindikat kriminal yang berkuasa.Sulit untuk diterima bahwa orang-orang yang rentantersebut mungkin menghadapieksekusi atas perbuatannya yang dilakukan di bawah ancaman,paksaan, penipuan,atau penyalahgunaan wewenang. Karena alasan itulah, penting agar sistempengenalan korban dikembangkan, termasuk pelatihan lebih baik untuk aparatpenegak hukum, pengacara, serta hakim dan jaksa. Tulisan ini disusunberdasarkan laporan para penulis kepada komisi penyelidikan Parlemen Australiaterhadap isu perdagangan manusia, dan berfokus pada permasalahan yang timbuldari irisan kompleks antara perdagangan manusia, perdagangan obat-obatanterlarang, dan hukuman mati, dengan perhatian khusus kepada isu identifikasikorban dan mekanisme pelaporan yang efektif bagi Australia dan Indonesia.Tulisanini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam konteks pemberantasan perdagangan manusia,kedua negara dapat membuat tiga perbaikan dalam hukum dan kebijakannya, ketigasolusi tersebut adalah, 1) penerapan hukum yang memberikan perlindungan wajib bagikorban perdagangan manusiayang jelas; 2) pembuatan hukum pidana yang yangmemberikan perlindungan secara lengkap kepada korban; 3) pembuatan mekanismepelaporan bagi perusahaan.