TY - JOUR
T1 - Performance- and image-enhancing drug use in the community
T2 - use prevalence, user demographics and the potential role of wastewater-based epidemiology
AU - Shimko, Katja M.
AU - Piatkowski, Timothy
AU - Thomas, Kevin V.
AU - Speers, Naomi
AU - Brooker, Lance
AU - Tscharke, Ben J.
AU - O'Brien, Jake W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland , gratefully acknowledges the financial support of Queensland Health. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from Sport Integrity Australia . The authors would like to thank Professor Wayne Hall for his useful suggestions. Katja M. Shimko is the recipient of a UQ Research Training Scholarship.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/10/5
Y1 - 2021/10/5
N2 - Performance- and image-enhancing drug (PIED) misuse is a significant public health issue. Currently, seizure data, surveys, anti-doping testing, and needle service provider data are used to estimate PIED use in populations. These methods are time consuming, single point-in-time measurements that often consist of small sample sizes and do not truly capture PIED prevalence. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been used globally to assess and monitor licit and illicit drug consumption within the general community. This method can objectively cover large populations as well as specific subpopulations (gyms, music festivals, prisons), and has potential as a complementary monitoring method for PIED use. Information obtained through WBE could be used to aid public health authorities in developing targeted prevention and education programmes. Research on PIED analysis in wastewater is limited and presents a significant gap in the literature. The focus is on anabolic steroids, and one steroid alternative currently growing in popularity; selective androgenic receptor modulators. This encompasses medical uses, addiction, prevalence, user typology, and associated public health implications. An overview of WBE is described including its benefits, limitations and potential as a monitoring method for PIED use. A summary of previous work in this field is presented. Finally, we summarise gaps in the literature, future perspectives, and recommendations for monitoring PIEDs in wastewater.
AB - Performance- and image-enhancing drug (PIED) misuse is a significant public health issue. Currently, seizure data, surveys, anti-doping testing, and needle service provider data are used to estimate PIED use in populations. These methods are time consuming, single point-in-time measurements that often consist of small sample sizes and do not truly capture PIED prevalence. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been used globally to assess and monitor licit and illicit drug consumption within the general community. This method can objectively cover large populations as well as specific subpopulations (gyms, music festivals, prisons), and has potential as a complementary monitoring method for PIED use. Information obtained through WBE could be used to aid public health authorities in developing targeted prevention and education programmes. Research on PIED analysis in wastewater is limited and presents a significant gap in the literature. The focus is on anabolic steroids, and one steroid alternative currently growing in popularity; selective androgenic receptor modulators. This encompasses medical uses, addiction, prevalence, user typology, and associated public health implications. An overview of WBE is described including its benefits, limitations and potential as a monitoring method for PIED use. A summary of previous work in this field is presented. Finally, we summarise gaps in the literature, future perspectives, and recommendations for monitoring PIEDs in wastewater.
KW - Anabolic androgenic steroids
KW - Public health
KW - Selective androgen receptor modulators
KW - Sewage
KW - Surveillance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108378339&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126340
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126340
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34171672
AN - SCOPUS:85108378339
VL - 419
SP - 1
EP - 12
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
SN - 0304-3894
M1 - 126340
ER -