Phylogenetic study of Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum comb. nov. from tropical Australian coastal waters (Dinophyceae)

A new species of the dinoflagellate genus Gymnodinium Stein, previously considered a member of Katodinium Fott, is characterized from two marine benthic habitats in tropical northern Australia. Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum comb. nov. was found to be very abundant at times, and in culture produced large quantities of mucus. We analyzed two regions of ribosomal DNA from this species (partial large subunit and complete small subunit sequences), using Bayesian analysis and phylogenetic models appropriate to alignments of ribosomal RNA genes. We compared it to eight species of the 'true' Gymnodinium clade and to other dinoflagellates. The results show that it is a member of the Gymnodinium clade, and is closely related to Gymnodinium impudicum and G. chlorophorum. Katodinium was originally defined as having cells with an epitheca that is much larger than the hypotheca. However, this character is clearly inadequate, and the genus requires a re-investigation to determine the apomorphies of the type species. � 2007 Japanese Society of Phycology.