Relative deprivation, inequality and the Covid-19 pandemic

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    Abstract

    There is a growing concern that inequalities are hindering health outcomes. This paper's primary objective is to investigate the role of relative deprivation and inequality in explaining the daily spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. For this purpose, we use secondary cross-sectional data across 119 (developed and developing) countries from January 2020 – to April 2021. For the empirical analysis, we use a recent dynamic panel data modelling approach that allows us to identify the role of time-invariant variables such as degree of globalisation, political freedom and income inequality on the dynamics of the pandemic and fatality rates across countries. We find that new cases per million and fatality rates are highly persistent processes. After controlling for time-varying mobility statistics from the Google mobility database and region-specific dummy variables, the two significant factors that explain the severity of Covid-19 spread in a country are per-capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Yitzhaki's relative income deprivation index. Lagged value of new cases per million significantly explains cross-country variations in the daily case fatality rates. A higher proportion of the older population and pollution increased fatality rates while better medical infrastructure reduced it.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article number115858
    JournalSocial Science and Medicine
    Volume324
    Issue number115858
    Early online date20 Mar 2023
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - May 2023

    Bibliographical note

    Funding Information:
    The authors gratefully acknowledge the funds received under the Covid-19 Supplementary Funding Pool Scheme from Charles Darwin University to undertake this research.

    Publisher Copyright:
    © 2023 The Authors

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