Seed formation, development and germination

This chapter focuses on the practical implications of physiological processes on seed crop location and management, and on seed germination and establishment. The tiller is the basic growth unit in grasses. Floral initiation signals the start of the reproductive phase. Flowering occurs when the flowers on the inflorescence finally emerge in clear view and pollen is dispersed during anthesis. The timing of flowering largely determines the date of harvest, as well as stresses that could affect the plant. Seed dormancy is the failure of an intact viable caryopsis, contained within any covering structures it may have, to complete germination when placed under favorable moisture, oxygen, and temperature conditions. Embryo growth is intrinsically associated with imbibition and dormancy. Knowledge of plant development and flowering behavior is reflected in the management of seed crops to maximize potential yields, and also can highlight important limiting factors in certain environments on the production of good quality seed.