@article{2018292961e14bccb6d7f7e30256a9b7,
title = "The risk factors of head and neck cancer and their general patterns in Australia: A descriptive review and update",
abstract = "The purpose of this article is to provide a descriptive review of risk factors of head and neck cancer (HNC), with particular interest in their general patterns in Australia. All these risk factors are deeply perplexing, with socioeconomic, cultural, and geographic variables. We reviewed articles from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar by using keywords such as risk factors, alcohol, tobacco, human papilloma virus (HPV), environmental risk factors, and other risk factors. We selected relevant articles after they completely ft into the inclusion criteria for this review. Previous reports highlight that smoking tobacco, consuming alcohol, and HPV infection are the major risk factors for HNC. Geographical variations in incidence rates are indicative of differences in the prevalence of risk factors among countries. HNC could be prevented by reducing the prevalence of established risk factors. ",
keywords = "age distribution, alcohol consumption, article, Australia, betel nut, cancer incidence, cancer prevention, cancer risk, cannabis smoking, carbohydrate diet, carrot, cultural factor, diet, drinking behavior, environmental factor, ethnicity, family history, fish, food intake, fruit, geography, groups by age, head and neck cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, health, human, Human papillomavirus type 16, leafy vegetable, light exposure, lip cancer, malnutrition, meat, mouth cancer, mouth hygiene, mouth squamous cell carcinoma, oropharynx carcinoma, papillomavirus infection, prevalence, priority journal, sex ratio, smokeless tobacco, smoking, socioeconomics, tobacco use, tongue cancer, ultraviolet radiation, vegetable, Wart virus, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Environment, Female, Geography, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Papillomavirus Infections, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking, Survival Rate",
author = "{Jagtar Singh} and Ramya Ramamoorthi and Siddartha Baxi and Rama Jayaraj and Mahiban Thomas",
year = "2014",
doi = "10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2014010130",
language = "English",
volume = "33",
pages = "45--57",
journal = "Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology",
issn = "0731-8898",
publisher = "Begell House Inc.",
number = "1",
}