@article{ba9af4becca6497fac41b5bc2bbe19c5,
title = "Virulence of Endemic Nonpigmented Northern Australian Staphylococcus aureus Clone (Clonal Complex 75, S. argenteus) Is Not Augmented by Staphyloxanthin",
abstract = "Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 75 (herein referred to as S. argenteus) lacks the carotenoid pigment operon, crtOPQMN, responsible for production of the putative virulence factor, staphyloxanthin. Although a common cause of community-onset skin infections among Indigenous populations in northern Australia, this clone is infrequently isolated from hospital-based patients with either bacteremic or nonbacteremic infections. We hypothesized that S. argenteus would have attenuated virulence compared to other S. aureus strains due to its staphyloxanthin {"}deficiency.{"} Compared to prototypical S. aureus strains, S. argenteus was more susceptible to oxidative stress and neutrophil killing in vitro and had reduced virulence in murine sepsis and skin infection models. Transformation with pTX-crtOPQMN resulted in staphyloxanthin expression and increased resistance to oxidative stress in vitro. However, neither resistance to neutrophil killing nor in vivo virulence was increased. Thus, reduced virulence of S. argenteus in these models is due to mechanisms unrelated to lack of staphyloxanthin production. � 2013 The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.",
keywords = "carotenoid, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL 37, host defense peptide hNP 1, polypeptide antibiotic agent, staphyloxanthin, unclassified drug, virulence factor, animal experiment, animal model, animal tissue, antibiotic resistance, article, Australia, bacterial strain, bacterial survival, bacterial virulence, bactericidal activity, bacterium transformation, clone, communicable disease, controlled study, endemic species, hospital infection, human, impetigo, in vitro study, in vivo study, male, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, mouse, neutrophil chemotaxis, nonhuman, operon, oxidative stress, plasmid, priority journal, protein expression, species comparison, staphylococcal bacteremia, staphylococcal skin infection, Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus argenteus, carotenoid pigment, Staphylococcus aureus, virulence, Animals, Child, Disease Models, Animal, Genetic Complementation Test, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Operon, Sepsis, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcal Skin Infections, Virulence, Virulence Factors, Xanthophylls",
author = "Steven Tong and Batu Sharma-Kuinkel and J Thaden and AR Whitney and S Yang and Debaraj Mishra and Thomas Rude and Rachael Gorie and M Selim and Sun Ahn and Deborah Holt and Philip Giffard and S Bayer and Frank DeLeo and {Fowler Jr}, Vance",
year = "2013",
doi = "10.1093/infdis/jit173",
language = "English",
volume = "208",
pages = "520--527",
journal = "Journal of Infectious Diseases",
issn = "0022-1899",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "3",
}